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Pressures produced when penguins pooh—calculations on avian defaecation

This random paper comes by way of my brother Kameel, a financial specialist @ the World Bank.

From the intro:

"Penguins spend most of their life in the water. An extended period ashore only occurs during breeding. Anyone who has then watched a penguin fire a ‘‘shot’’ from its rear end must have wondered about the pressure the bird generates, but apparently no published data on the pressures produced exist. Since all penguins are protected and one must not approach penguins closer than 5 m (unless one holds a special permit), direct measurements are hard to come by. However, we found an indirect way to calculate the likely pressures involved in ‘‘venting’’ by chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) and Ade´lie penguins (P. adeliae)...."

Read more in the attached PDF...

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penguins.pdf137.68 KB